Roasted meat aroma of 2-Methylpyrazine [109-08-0] (FEMA 3309)

2-Methylpyrazine, identified by CAS number 109-08-0 and FEMA number 3309, is a fundamental heterocyclic flavoring agent widely utilized across multiple industries . This compound is renowned for its distinctive organoleptic profile, characterized by warm, nutty, and roasted aromas with subtle chocolate and cocoa-like undertones . When diluted to approximately 300 mg/kg, it exhibits a pleasant chocolate-like scent, while at lower concentrations of 1-10 mg/kg in finished food products, it contributes to complex roasted and savory flavor profiles .

Typically appearing as a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, 2-Methylpyrazine has a molecular formula of C₅H₆N₂ and a molecular weight of 94.11 g/mol . The compound is completely miscible with water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and most non-volatile oils, making it highly versatile for various formulation methods . Key physical properties include a boiling point of 135-137°C at 760 mmHg, a melting point of -29°C, and a flash point of approximately 50°C (122°F) .

Food and Flavor Industry

2-Methylpyrazine is extensively used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage sector . It imparts characteristic roasted nut, chocolate, cocoa, coffee, and cooked meat flavors to a wide range of products including baked goods, confectionery, snack foods, soups, sauces, dairy products, and beverages . According to regulatory standards such as GB 2760-1996 and FEMA GRAS listings, it is approved as a safe food additive for human consumption .

Pharmaceutical Industry

In pharmaceutical applications, 2-Methylpyrazine serves as a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of several therapeutic compounds . Most notably, it is used in the manufacture of pyrazinamide, an important first-line anti-tuberculosis medication . It also contributes to the production of diuretic agents such as amiloride .

Agrochemical Industry

The biological activity of 2-methylpyrazine makes it a valuable raw material in the agricultural sector . It is utilized in the formulation of pesticides and herbicides, where it enhances their effectiveness and stability, contributing to improved crop protection and yield .

Cosmetics and Personal Care

In the fragrance industry, 2-Methylpyrazine is incorporated into perfumes, essential oils, and skincare products as a fragrance additive, contributing to complex and appealing scent profiles .

Research and Industrial Applications

Beyond these primary uses, 2-Methylpyrazine finds applications in scientific research related to neurobiology and sensory perception, helping researchers understand taste and smell mechanisms . It is also employed in photographic chemicals as a sensitizer, as a curing agent for epoxy resins, and as a brightening agent in copper electroplating solutions .