Isesengura ry'uburyo impumuro nziza n'uburyohe bihagaze

Nk’inyongeramusaruro z’ingenzi mu musaruro w’ibiribwa, kugumana impumuro nziza n’ibirungo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’uburambe bw’ababikoresha. Guhagararana kw’impumuro nziza n’ibirungo bigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri:

Impumuro nziza n'impumuro nziza bihamye

Gukomera kw'impumuro cyangwa impumuro bivuga niba impumuro cyangwa uburyohe bishobora kugumana impumuro ihoraho mu gihe runaka no mu bihe runaka nta mpinduka zikomeye zigaragara. Uku gukomera ni ingenzi kuko impumuro ari cyo kintu cya mbere abaguzi batekereza ku bicuruzwa. Impinduka iyo ari yo yose igaragara mu mpumuro igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bunararibonye bw'abaguzi. Ibintu nk'ikigereranyo cy'ibice bihindagurika, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe mu bidukikije, no guhumeka ku mwuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku guhagarara kw'impumuro.

Ubudahangarwa bw'imiterere y'umubiri n'iya chimique

Uburyo impumuro nziza n'ibirungo bihagaze neza mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu buryo bwa shimi bishingira ku kuba imiterere yabyo, haba iyonyine cyangwa mu buryo bw'umwuka (nk'amavuta, inzoga, cyangwa amazi), idahinduka. Mu gihe cyo kubika cyangwa guhura n'ubushyuhe, urumuri, cyangwa umwuka, impumuro nziza n'ibirungo bishobora kugabanuka, kwangirika, guhindagurika, cyangwa gutandukana, bigatuma ireme ry'ibicuruzwa rigabanuka. Urugero, ibice birimo imigozi ibiri idafite umwuka mwinshi bishobora kugabanuka iyo umwuka wa ogisijeni urimo, bigatuma impumuro igabanuka.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ituze

Ubushyuhe

Ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku kudahungabana. Urugero, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-imwe, iyo bibitswe ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba igihe kirekire (aho kuba dogere selisiyusi 2–8), bishobora kugira impumuro mbi bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere y'ibinyabutabire. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha ihindagurika ry'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera mu mpumuro n'ibirungo, bigagabanya cyangwa bigahindura impumuro yabyo. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutuma bimwe mu bice bigize ibimera bihinduka cyangwa bigatandukana, bigatera imiterere imwe.

Igitutu

Mu bikoresho bifunze, impinduka z'umuvuduko zishobora gutuma ibice bihindagurika. Impumuro nziza cyane cyane iterwa n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko iyo ibikoresho bifunguwe.

Ubushyuhe n'ubutare

Impumuro nziza n'uburyohe biri mu duce twa aside cyangwa alkaline bishobora kunyura muri hydrolysis, oxidation, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bya shimi. Urugero, bimwe mu bintu bya ester hidrolise bihinduka alcohol na aside mu gihe cy'aside, bigahindura imiterere y'impumuro y'umwimerere.

Igihe

Kubika igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibice byabyo bibora buhoro buhoro cyangwa bikagirana isano, cyane cyane mu mpumuro zivanze (ibivanze by'ibirungo), akenshi biba bigoye cyane. Urugero, ubuziranenge bwa 2,3-heksanediyone, mu ntangiriro irenga 98%, ishobora kugabanuka ikagera kuri 97.7% nyuma y'amezi atatu ibitswe (hashingiwe ku makuru y'igeragezwa). Impinduka nk'izo mu bice by'ingenzi uko igihe kigenda gihita zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mpumuro rusange.

Kugereranya: Impumuro nziza z'ubwoko bumwe ugereranije n'impumuro zivanze

Uburyo impumuro nziza zimeze kimwe zihagaze neza buroroshye bitewe n’uko zikozwe mu buryo bworoshye, bigatuma uburyo zikora ku bintu bidukikije bworoshye kubiteganya no kubicunga. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, uburyo impumuro nziza zivanze zihagaze neza kurushaho, kuko zigizwe n’ibintu byinshi bishobora gukorana, bigahindura ibintu bishya cyangwa bigahindura impumuro y’umwimerere. Byongeye kandi, hagomba kandi kwitabwaho uburyo bwo guhuza n’ibintu (urugero: amavuta atwara, amazi, cyangwa emulsifiers).

Umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo

Kugira ngo impumuro nziza n'ibirungo bikomeze kugumana ubusugire, ni ngombwa kugenzura ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe, urumuri n'ubushuhe mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha. Gutunganya imiterere kugira ngo bigabanye imikoranire y'ibinyabutabire mu bice bigize ibinyabutabire nabyo ni ingenzi. Mu kubika, ni byiza gukoresha ibikoresho bifunze, bidashobora gucika urumuri, kandi bidafite imiti mu gihe ukora ibizamini bihoraho kugira ngo urebe imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bipimo, imikorere y'imibavu n'ibirungo ishobora kongerwa, bigatuma abaguzi babona uburambe buhamye kandi bwiza.