ʻO Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) kahi ʻenehana loiloi ikaika e hoʻohui i nā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale o ka chromatography gas me ka mana ʻike o ka spectrometry mass. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ka loiloi qualitative ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka palekana meaʻai, a me ka ʻepekema forensic. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā kumumanaʻo o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waihona ʻikepili mass spectrometry, nā ʻōkuhi mālama, a me nā ʻenehana holomua i ka loiloi GC-MS.
Māhele 1: Ka Hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻIkepili Spectrometry Mass
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā waihona ʻikepili spectrometry mass Electron Ionization (EI) i kūkulu nui ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā spectrometers mass quadrupole. Hiki i nā ʻano spectrometers mass ʻē aʻe ke hōʻike i nā hopena hoʻokaʻawale nui, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hewa i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hui. I ka loiloi GC-MS, he mea nui e unuhi i ka walaʻau hope e hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena. Hōʻoia kēia hana i nā hōʻailona i loaʻa he ʻelele o nā analytes hoihoi ma mua o nā mea hana a i ʻole nā mea haumia.
I ke koho ʻana i nā spectra mass no ka ʻike ʻana, pono e makaʻala i nā pilikia ionization kemika e kū mai ana. Hiki i nā ʻano ionization like ʻole ke hoʻopuka i nā ʻano fragmentation like ʻole, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kaʻina hana ʻike. Ma waena o nā ʻano hana spectrometry mass like ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka quadrupole mass spectrometry no kona pololei loaʻa ʻana, i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 25%. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hahai ka ion trap mass spectrometry me ka pololei haʻahaʻa iki, ʻoiai ʻo ka Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry e loaʻa nā helu loaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike kēia ʻokoʻa i ke koʻikoʻi o ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano spectrometry mass kūpono e pili ana i nā koi analytical kikoʻī.
Māhele 2: Nā Kumumanaʻo a me nā ʻAno o ka Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka Papa Kuhikuhi Kūlana
ʻO ka helu hoʻopaʻa (RI) kahi palena koʻikoʻi i ka GC-MS e kōkua ana i ka ʻike qualitative o nā hui. Aia ma lalo ka GC o ʻO ka diallyl trisulfide a me 4-methylthiazole.
Ka Papa Kuhikuhi Paʻa ma lalo o nā Kūlana Isothermal:
I loko o kahi hoʻonohonoho chromatography kinoea mahana mau, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka manawa paʻa o ʻelua n-alkanes me nā ʻātoma kalapona n a me N penei:
RI = 100n+100[Nn]*[log t'–log t'n]/[log t'N -log t'n]
ʻO t'= t-tm; t'n = tn-tm; ʻo t'N = tN-tm ka manawa make.
Ka Papa Kuhikuhi Paʻa ma lalo o nā Kūlana Hoʻolālā Mahana:
Ma kahi hoʻonohonoho i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka mahana, hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manawa hoʻopaʻa maoli ma kahi o kā lākou mau waiwai logarithmic: RI = 100n+100[Nn]*[t –tn]/[tN - tn]
Nā kumu e hoʻopilikia ai i ka helu hoʻopaʻa:
Hiki i kekahi mau kumu ke hoʻopilikia i ka helu hoʻopaʻa ʻana, me ke ʻano o ka pae paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, ka papahana mahana, a me ke ʻano o ka matrix laʻana. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea no ka loiloi qualitative pololei.
Ke ʻAno Hana Kūpono o ke Koluma Pālua:
ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka helu ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi paʻa o nā ʻāpana ma nā pae paʻa polar ʻelua. Inā kūlike nā ʻōkuhi paʻa ʻelua me nā hui maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike qualitative mua.
Māhele 3: Nā ʻAno Hana Spectrometry Mass Tandem
Hoʻonui ka spectrometry mass tandem (MS/MS) i ka loiloi qualitative ma ka ʻae ʻana i ka fragmentation o nā ions, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike kūkulu hou aʻe. He mea pono loa kēia ʻenehana no nā hui paʻakikī, e hiki ai ke ʻike i nā hui i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i hoʻokahi pae o ka spectrometry mass.
Māhele 4: Ka Nānā Kūlana MS Hoʻonā Kiʻekiʻe
Hāʻawi ka spectrometry mass hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe i ka pololei o ka nuipa a me ka hoʻonā ʻana, e lilo ia i mea hana waiwai nui no ka nānā qualitative. He kūpono loa kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā isomers a me nā hui pili loa, he mea nui ia i ka nānā ʻana i ka laʻana paʻakikī.
Māhele 5: Ka Nānā Kūlana GC-MS o ka Hana ʻIon-Molecule
Hiki i nā hopena ion-molecule ma GC-MS ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka reactivity a me ke ʻano o nā hui volatile. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho piha ʻana o nā mea hana spectrometry mass no ka loiloi ʻāpana volatile he mea nui ia no nā hopena qualitative pololei. ʻO nā hoʻolālā no ka loiloi qualitative o nā ʻāpana volatile e pili pinepine i ke koho akahele ʻana o nā ʻano ionization a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kūlana chromatographic.
I ka hopena, he ʻenehana loea ʻo GC-MS e hoʻohui pono ana i nā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale o ka chromatography kinoea me ka mana ʻike o ka spectrometry mass. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili mass spectrometry, nā helu helu mālama, a me nā ʻenehana holomua, hiki i nā mea kālailai ke hoʻokō i nā hopena qualitative hilinaʻi, e hoʻolilo ana iā GC-MS i mea hana waiwai nui i nā ʻano aʻo ʻepekema like ʻole.
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